Kushanduka kweNeurosurgery uye Microsurgery: Kufambira Mberi muSainzi yekurapa

Kuvhiyiwa kweuropi, uko kwakatanga mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 muEurope, hakuna kuzova nzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa yakasiyana kusvika muna Gumiguru 1919. Chipatara cheBrigham muBoston chakavamba imwe yenzvimbo dzekare dzekuvhiyiwa kweuropi pasi rose muna 1920. Yaiva nzvimbo yakatsaurirwa ine hurongwa hwakakwana hwekiriniki hwakatarisana nekuvhiyiwa kweuropi chete. Mushure mezvo, Society of Neurosurgeons yakaumbwa, munda uyu wakatumidzwa zita repamutemo, uye wakatanga kukanganisa kukura kwekuvhiyiwa kweuropi pasi rese. Zvisinei, panguva yekutanga kwekuvhiyiwa kweuropi semunda wakasarudzika, zvishandiso zvekuvhiya zvaive zvisina kujairika, matekiniki akanga asina kusimba, kuchengetedzeka kweanesthesia kwaive kwakashata, uye matanho anoshanda ekurwisa hutachiona, kuderedza kuzvimba kweuropi, uye kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kwemukati memusoro kwaive kushoma. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuvhiyiwa kwaive kushoma, uye huwandu hwerufu hwakaramba hwakakwira.

Kuvhiyiwa kwetsinga dzeuropi kwemazuva ano kwakakonzerwa nekufambira mberi kwadzo muzviitiko zvitatu zvakakosha muzana remakore rechi19. Chekutanga, kuunzwa kweanesthesia kwakabatsira varwere kuvhiyiwa pasina kurwadziwa. Chechipiri, kuiswa kwenzvimbo yeuropi (zviratidzo zvetsinga nezviratidzo) kwakabatsira vanachiremba mukuongorora nekuronga nzira dzekuvhiya. Chekupedzisira, kuunzwa kwenzira dzekurwisa mabhakitiriya nekushandisa nzira dzekudzivirira utachiona kwakabvumira vanachiremba kuderedza njodzi yezvinetso mushure mekuvhiyiwa zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona.

MuChina, nharaunda yekuvhiya kwetsinga dzeuropi yakavambwa kutanga kwema1970 uye yakaona kufambira mberi kukuru mukati memakore makumi maviri ekuedza nekusimudzira. Kugadzwa kwenzvimbo yekuvhiya kwetsinga dzeuropi sechikamu kwakagadzira nzira yekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekuvhiya, tsvakurudzo yekiriniki, uye dzidzo yezvekurapa. Vanachiremba vekuChina vanovhiya tsinga dzeuropi vakapa mipiro inoshamisa munharaunda iyi, munyika nekunze kwenyika, uye vakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira tsika yekuvhiya tsinga dzeuropi.

Mukupedzisa, basa rekuvhiya tsinga dzeuropi rakafambira mberi zvinoshamisa kubvira parakatangwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Kutanga nekushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye kusangana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwerufu, kuunzwa kweanesthesia, nzira dzekuziva nzvimbo dzeuropi, uye nzira dzakavandudzwa dzekudzivirira hutachiona zvakashandura kuvhiya tsinga kuita basa rekuvhiya rakakosha. Kuedza kweChina kwekutanga mukuvhiya tsinga dzeuropi nekuvhiya tsinga dzeuropi kwakasimbisa chinzvimbo chayo semutungamiri wepasi rose muminda iyi. Nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza nekuzvipira, mabasa aya acharamba achichinja uye achibatsira mukuvandudza kutarisirwa kwevarwere pasi rese.