Kuvandudzwa kwekufungidzira kwemaziso muvhidhiyo yakavakirwa pakuvhiya maikorosikopu

Mumunda wemishonga, kuvhiya pasina mubvunzo ndiyo nzira huru yekurapa huwandu hwezvirwere, kunyanya kuita basa rakakosha mukurapa kwekutanga kwegomarara. Chinokosha chekubudirira kwekuvhiyiwa kwechiremba chinowanikwa mukuonekwa kwakajeka kwechikamu chechirwere mushure mekuputika.Kuvhiya maikorosikopuzvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiya kwekurapa nekuda kwekufunga kwavo kwakasimba kwehutatu, tsananguro yepamusoro, uye kugadziriswa kwepamusoro. Nekudaro, iyo anatomical chimiro cheiyo pathological chikamu chakaomesesa uye chakaoma, uye mazhinji acho ari padyo neakakosha nhengo tishu. Iyo millimeter kusvika ku micrometer zvimiro zvakapfuura kure chiyero chinogona kucherechedzwa neziso remunhu. Mukuwedzera, iyo vascular tissue mumuviri womunhu yakamanikana uye yakazara, uye chiedza hachina kukwana. Chero kutsauka kudiki kunogona kukuvadza murwere, kukanganisa maitiro ekuvhiya, uye kunyange kuisa hupenyu mungozi. Naizvozvo, kuongorora nekuvandudzaKushandamaikorosikopunekukura kwakakwana uye mifananidzo yakajeka yekuona inyaya iyo vatsvakurudzi vanoramba vachiongorora zvakadzama.

Parizvino, matekinoroji edhijitari akadai semufananidzo nevhidhiyo, kufambisa mashoko, uye kurekodha mafoto ari kupinda mumunda we microsurgery nezvakanakira zvitsva. Aya matekinoroji haasi kungopesvedzera zvakanyanya mararamiro evanhu, asi zvakare zvishoma nezvishoma kubatanidza mumunda we microsurgery. Tsanangudzo yepamusoro inoratidzira, makamera, nezvimwe zvinogona kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zvezvino zvekuvhiya chaiko. Vhidhiyo masisitimu ane CCD, CMOS uye mamwe ma sensors emifananidzo seanogamuchira nzvimbo zvishoma nezvishoma akaiswa kune ekuvhiya maikorosikopu. Vhidhiyo yekuvhiya maikorosikopuzvinochinjika zvakanyanya uye zviri nyore kuti vanachiremba vashande. Kuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hwepamberi senge navigation system, 3D kuratidza, yakakwirira-tsanangudzo yemhando yemhando, augmented real (AR), nezvimwewo, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vakawanda vaone kugovana panguva yekuvhiya, inowedzera kubatsira vanachiremba mukuita zvirinani maoparesheni.

Microscope optical imaging ndiyo inotemesa yemhando yemamicroscope imaging. Iko kufungidzira kwekuona kwevhidhiyo yekuvhiya maikorosikopu ine yakasarudzika magadzirirwo emhando, uchishandisa advanced optical components uye imaging tekinoroji senge yakakwira-resolution, yakakwirira kusiyanisa CMOS kana CCD sensors, pamwe neakakosha matekinoroji senge optical zoom uye optical muripo. Idzi matekinoroji zvinobudirira kuvandudza kujeka kwekufungidzira uye kunaka kwema microscopes, zvichipa yakanaka yekuona vimbiso yekuvhiya. Uyezve, nekubatanidza tekinoroji yekufungidzira tekinoroji nekugadzirwa kwedhijitari, chaiyo-nguva yekufungidzira ine simba uye 3D kuvakwazve kwave kuwanikwa, kupa vanachiremba vanovhiya vane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwekuona. Kuti uwedzere kuvandudza maitiro ekufungidzira ekuona kwevhidhiyo microscopes yekuvhiya, vatsvakurudzi vari kugara vachitsvaga nzira itsva dzekufungidzira, dzakadai se fluorescence imaging, polarization imaging, multispectral imaging, nezvimwewo, kuwedzera kugadzirisa kwekufungidzira nekudzika kwema microscopes; Kushandisa artificial intelligence tekinoroji yekumashure-kugadzirisa yeOptical imaging data kuwedzera kujeka kwemufananidzo uye kusiyanisa.

Mukutanga kuvhiya maitiro,mabhiinocular maikorosikopuainyanya kushandiswa semidziyo yebetsero. Binocular microscope chishandiso chinoshandisa prisms uye lenzi kuwana stereoscopic kuona. Inogona kupa kudzika kwekuona uye stereoscopic kuona iyo monocular maikorosikopu isina. Pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, von Zehender akatanga kushandisa magirazi ekukudza mabhainocular mukuongororwa kwemaziso ekurapa. Mushure mezvo, Zeiss yakaunza girazi rekukudza binocular ine chinhambwe chekushanda che 25 cm, ichiisa hwaro hwekuvandudza kwemazuva ano microsurgery. Panyaya yekufungidzira kwekuona kwebinocular surgical microscopes, chinhambwe chekushanda chekutanga binocular maikorosikopu chaive 75 mm. Nekuvandudzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwezviridzwa zvekurapa, yekutanga yekuvhiya maikorosikopu OPMI1 yakaunzwa, uye chinhambwe chekushanda chinogona kusvika 405 mm. Iyo magnification iri kuramba ichiwedzera, uye magnification sarudzo dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera. Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwemabinocular microscopes, mabhenefiti adzo akadai seyakajeka stereoscopic athari, kujeka kwakanyanya, uye kureba kwekushanda kwakaita kuti mabinocular kuvhiya maikorosikopu ashandiswe zvakanyanya mumadhipatimendi akasiyana. Nekudaro, kuganhurirwa kwehukuru hwayo hukuru uye kudzika kudiki hakugone kuregererwa, uye vashandi vezvokurapa vanofanirwa kugara vachigadzirisa uye kutarisa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma kwekushanda. Mukuwedzera, vanovhiya vanotarisa pakuona chiridzwa chekucherechedza uye kushanda kwenguva yakareba kwete kungowedzera mutoro wavo wepanyama, asiwo havaiti maererano nemitemo ergonomic. Vanachiremba vanoda kuchengetedza chimiro chakasimba kuti vaite bvunzo dzekuvhiya kune varwere, uye kugadziriswa kwemaoko kunodiwawo, izvo kune imwe nhanho inowedzera kuoma kwekuvhiya.

Mushure memakore ekuma1990, masisitimu emakamera uye ma sensors emifananidzo akatanga kusanganisa zvishoma nezvishoma mukuita kwekuvhiya, zvichiratidza kugona kwekushandisa kwakakosha. Muna 1991, Berci akatanga kugadzira vhidhiyo sisitimu yekuona nzvimbo dzekuvhiya, ine inogadzirika yekushanda kureba kwe150-500 mm uye inocherechedzwa madhayamita echinhu kubva pa15-25 mm, ichichengetedza kudzika kwemunda pakati pe10-20 mm. Kunyange hazvo mutengo wakakwira wekuchengetedza malenzi nemakamera panguva iyoyo wakaganhurira kushandiswa kwakapararira kweiyi tekinoroji muzvipatara zvakawanda, vaongorori vakaramba vachitsvaga hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji uye vakatanga kugadzira vhidhiyo yepamusoro-yakavakirwa mamicroscopes ekuvhiya. Kuenzaniswa nebinocular surgical microscopes, iyo inoda nguva yakareba kuti ichengetedze iyi isina kuchinja maitiro ekushanda, inogona kutungamirira nyore kuneta mumuviri uye mupfungwa. Vhidhiyo yemhando yekuvhiya maikorosikopu inogadzira mufananidzo wakakurisa pamonitor, kudzivirira kusamira kwenguva refu kwachiremba wekuvhiya. Vhidhiyo yakavakirwa pakuvhiya maikorosikopu inosunungura vanachiremba kubva kune imwechete posture, ichivabvumira kushanda panzvimbo dzeanatomical kuburikidza nepamusoro-tsanangudzo skrini.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nekufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hungwaru, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ave akangwara zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mamicroscopes ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo ave zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese pamusika. Vhidhiyo yazvino yakavakirwa pakuvhiya maikorosikopu inosanganisa kuona komputa uye yakadzama yekudzidza matekinoroji kuti uwane otomatiki kucherechedzwa kwemifananidzo, kupatsanura, uye kuongorora. Munguva yekuvhiya, vhidhiyo yehungwaru yakavakirwa ekuvhiya maikorosikopu inogona kubatsira vanachiremba mukukurumidza kutsvaga matishu ane chirwere uye kugadzirisa kurongeka kwekuvhiya.

Muchigadziro chekusimudzira kubva kubinocular microscopes kusvika kuvhidhiyo yakavakirwa microscopes yekuvhiya, hazvina kuoma kuwana kuti zvinodiwa zvekururamisa, kunyatsoita, uye kuchengeteka mukuvhiya zviri kuwedzera zuva nezuva. Parizvino, kudiwa kwekufungidzira kwemaziso ekuvhiya maikorosikopu hakungogumiri pakukudza mativi ezvirwere, asi kuri kuwedzera kusiyanisa uye kushanda. Mumushonga wekiriniki, mamicroscopes ekuvhiya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiya kwetsinga uye musana kuburikidza nefluorescence modules akabatanidzwa neaugmented reality. AR navigation system inogona kufambisa yakaoma spinal keyhole kuvhiyiwa, uye fluorescent vamiririri vanogona kutungamira vanachiremba kubvisa zvachose mamota ehuropi. Pamusoro pezvo, vaongorori vakabudirira kuwana otomatiki kuona kwevocal cord polyps uye leukoplakia vachishandisa hyperspectral yekuvhiya maikorosikopu yakasanganiswa neiyo image classification algorithms. Vhidhiyo yekuvhiya maikorosikopu yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuvhiya senge thyroidectomy, retinal kuvhiyiwa, uye lymphatic kuvhiyiwa nekubatanidza nefluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, uye hungwaru kugadzira mifananidzo matekinoroji.

Kuenzaniswa nebinocular surgical microscopes, vhidhiyo maikorosikopu inogona kupa-multi-user video sharing, high-definition yekuvhiya mifananidzo, uye yakawanda ergonomic, kuderedza kuneta kwachiremba. Kuvandudzwa kwekufungidzira kwemaziso, digitization, uye kungwara kwakavandudza zvikuru kushanda kwekuvhiya microscope optical systems, uye chaiyo-nguva yekufungidzira inoshanduka, chokwadi chakawedzerwa, uye humwe hunyanzvi hwakawedzera zvakanyanya mabasa uye mamodule evhidhiyo based surgical microscopes.

Iyo yekuona yekuona vhidhiyo yeramangwana yakavakirwa kuvhiya maikorosikopu ichave yakanyatsojeka, inoshanda, uye nehungwaru, ichipa vanachiremba ruzivo rwakakwana, rwakadzama, uye rwematatu-dimensional murwere kutungamira zvirinani kuvhiya. Zvichakadaro, nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye nekuwedzera kweminda yekushandisa, iyi sisitimu ichashandiswawo uye kuvandudzwa mune mamwe minda.