Kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo yemaziso mumaikorosikopu ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo

Mukurapa, kuvhiya pasina mubvunzo ndiyo nzira huru yekurapa zvirwere zvakawanda, kunyanya zvichiita basa guru mukurapa kenza pakutanga. Chinhu chikuru chekubudirira kwekuvhiya kwachiremba ndechekuona zvakajeka chikamu chechirwere mushure mekuvhiyiwa.Maikorosikopu ekuvhiyazvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiyiwa kwechiremba nekuda kwekunzwisisa kwavo kwakasimba kwezvikamu zvitatu, tsananguro yepamusoro, uye kugona kwepamusoro. Zvisinei, chimiro chemuviri chechikamu chechirwere chakaoma uye chakaoma, uye mazhinji acho ari pedyo nematishu enhengo akakosha. Maumbirwo e millimeter kusvika kuma micrometer akadarika kure nzvimbo inogona kuonekwa neziso remunhu. Pamusoro pezvo, tsinga dzeropa mumuviri wemunhu dzakamanikana uye dzakazara, uye chiedza hachina kukwana. Chero kutsauka kudiki kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kumurwere, kukanganisa mhedzisiro yekuvhiyiwa, uye kutoisa hupenyu panjodzi. Nokudaro, kutsvagurudza nekugadziraKushandamaikorosikopunekuwedzera kwakakwana uye mifananidzo yakajeka inyaya iyo vaongorori vari kuramba vachiongorora zvakadzama.

Parizvino, matekinoroji edhijitari akadai semifananidzo nemavhidhiyo, kutapurirana kwemashoko, uye kurekodha mifananidzo zviri kupinda mumunda we microsurgery nezvakanaka zvitsva. Matekinoroji aya haasi kungochinja mararamiro evanhu zvakanyanya, asiwo ari kupinda zvishoma nezvishoma mumunda we microsurgery. Zviratidziro zvepamusoro, makamera, nezvimwewo zvinogona kusangana zvinobudirira zvinodiwa pari zvino zvekururama kwekuvhiya. Masisitimu evhidhiyo ane CCD, CMOS nedzimwe sensor dzemifananidzo senzvimbo dzinogamuchira mifananidzo ave achishandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuma microscope ekuvhiya. Mamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya evhidhiyoZvinochinjika zvikuru uye zviri nyore kuti vanachiremba vashandise. Kuunzwa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro senge navigation system, 3D display, high-definition image quality, augmented reality (AR), nezvimwewo, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vakawanda vagovane maonero panguva yekuvhiyiwa, zvinobatsirawo vanachiremba mukuita zviri nani maoparesheni epanguva yekuvhiyiwa.

Kufungidzira kwemaziso kweMicroscope ndiko kunonyanya kuratidza kunaka kwemifananidzo yemicroscope. Kufungidzira kwemaziso kwemavhidhiyo emakroskopu ekuvhiya kune magadzirirwo akasiyana, uchishandisa zvikamu zvepamusoro zvemaziso uye matekinoroji emifananidzo akadai se high-resolution, high contrast CMOS kana CCD sensors, pamwe chete nematekinoroji akakosha akadai se optical zoom uye optical compensation. Matekinoroji aya anovandudza kujekesa kwemifananidzo uye mhando yemakroskopu, zvichipa vimbiso yakanaka yekuona kwekuvhiya. Uyezve, nekubatanidza tekinoroji yekufungidzira kwemaziso ne digital processing, real-time dynamic imaging uye 3D reconstruction zvakawanikwa, zvichipa vanachiremba ruzivo rwekuona rwuri nyore. Kuti vawedzere kuvandudza kunaka kwemifananidzo yemavhidhiyo emakroskopu ekuvhiya, vaongorori vanogara vachitsvaga nzira itsva dzekufungidzira kwemaziso, dzakadai se fluorescence imaging, polarization imaging, multispectral imaging, nezvimwewo, kuti vawedzere kugadziriswa kwemifananidzo uye kudzika kwemakroskopu; Kushandisa tekinoroji yehungwaru hwekugadzira mushure mekugadzirisa data remifananidzo yemaziso kuti vawedzere kujekesa kwemifananidzo uye kusiyana.

Mukutanga kwekuvhiyiwa,maikorosikopu ebhinocularzvainyanya kushandiswa sezvishandiso zvekubatsira. Maikorosikopu yebhinocular chishandiso chinoshandisa maprism nemalenzi kuti chionekwe zviri nyore. Chinogona kupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kuona zviri nyore izvo zvisina maikorosikopu emonocular. Pakati pezana remakore rechi20, von Zehender ndiye akatanga kushandiswa kwemagirazi ekukudza maziso ebhinocular mukuongorora maziso ekurapa. Zvadaro, Zeiss akatanga girazi rekukudza maziso rine daro rekushanda re25 cm, zvichiisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemicrosurgery yemazuva ano. Panyaya yekuona mifananidzo yemamicroscope ekuvhiya ebhinocular, daro rekushanda remamicroscope ekutanga ebhinocular raive 75 mm. Nekugadzirwa uye kuvandudzwa kwezvishandiso zvekurapa, maikorosikopu yekutanga yekuvhiya OPMI1 yakaunzwa, uye daro rekushanda rinogona kusvika 405 mm. Kukura kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye sarudzo dzekukudza dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera. Nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiita maikorosikopu ebhinocular, zvakanakira zvavo zvakaita semhedzisiro yakajeka yestereoscopic, kujeka kwakanyanya, uye daro refu rekushanda zvakaita kuti maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ebhinocular ashandiswe zvakanyanya mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, muganho wehukuru hwayo hukuru uye hudiki haugone kufuratirwa, uye vashandi vezvehutano vanofanirwa kugara vachigadzirisa uye vachitarisa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma kwekuvhiyiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, vanachiremba vanotarisisa pakutarisa uye kuvhiya zvishandiso zvinoonekwa kwenguva yakareba havangowedzeri mutoro wavo wemuviri chete, asiwo havatevedzere mitemo ye ergonomic. Vanachiremba vanofanirwa kuchengetedza chimiro chakagadzikana kuti vaite bvunzo dzekuvhiya pavarwere, uye kugadziriswa nemaoko kunodiwawo, izvo zvinowedzera kuoma kwekuvhiyiwa.

Mushure mema1990, masisitimu emakamera nemasensa emifananidzo zvakatanga kubatanidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mukuita kwekuvhiya, zvichiratidza kugona kukuru kwekushandisa. Muna 1991, Berci akagadzira nenzira itsva sisitimu yemavhidhiyo yekuona nzvimbo dzekuvhiya, ine daro rekushanda rinogadziriswa re150-500 mm uye dhayamita yechinhu chinoonekwa inotangira pa15-25 mm, ukuwo ichichengetedza kudzika kwenzvimbo iri pakati pe10-20 mm. Kunyangwe mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza malenzi nemakamera panguva iyoyo yakaganhurira kushandiswa kwakapararira kwetekinoroji iyi muzvipatara zvakawanda, vaongorori vakaramba vachitsvaga tekinoroji uye vakatanga kugadzira maikorosikopu ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo yepamusoro. Zvichienzaniswa nemamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya ebhinocular, ayo anoda nguva yakareba kuti arambe ari muchimiro ichi chisina kuchinja, zvinogona kutungamira kuneta kwemuviri nepfungwa. Maikorosikopu yekuvhiya yemhando yevhidhiyo inoratidza mufananidzo wakakura pamonitor, ichidzivirira kugara kwenguva refu kwemuvhiyi. Maikorosikopu ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo anosunungura vanachiremba kubva pakugara kamwe chete, zvichivabvumira kushanda panzvimbo dzemuviri kuburikidza nemasikirini epamusoro.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nekufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwetekinoroji yehungwaru hwekugadzira, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ave akangwara zvishoma nezvishoma, uye maikorosikopu ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo ave zvigadzirwa zvikuru pamusika. Maikorosikopu yekuvhiya yazvino inosanganisa kuona kwekombiyuta uye matekinoroji ekudzidza zvakadzama kuti iwane ruzivo rwemifananidzo, kupatsanura, uye kuongorora otomatiki. Munguva yekuvhiya, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya akangwara akavakirwa pavhidhiyo anogona kubatsira vanachiremba mukutsvaga tishu dzine chirwere nekukurumidza uye kuvandudza kururama kwekuvhiya.

Mukugadzirwa kubva kuma microscopes ebhinocular kusvika kuma microscopes ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo, hazvisi zvakaoma kuona kuti zvinodiwa kuti zvive zvakarurama, zvinoshanda, uye zvakachengeteka pakuvhiya zviri kuwedzera zuva nezuva. Parizvino, kudiwa kwema microscopes ekuvhiya anoona hakungogumiri pakuwedzera zvikamu zvezvirwere, asi kuri kuwedzera kusiyanisa uye kushanda zvakanaka. Mukurapa kwekiriniki, maikroskopu ekuvhiya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiya kwetsinga nemusana kuburikidza nema modules e fluorescence akabatanidzwa ne augmented reality. AR navigation system inogona kubatsira kuvhiya kwakaoma kwe spinal keyhole, uye ma fluorescent agents anogona kutungamira vanachiremba kubvisa zvachose bundu reuropi. Pamusoro pezvo, vaongorori vakabudirira kuona otomatiki ma polyps ezwi ne leukoplakia vachishandisa hyperspectral surgical microscope pamwe chete nema algorithms ekupatsanura mifananidzo. Maikroskopu ekuvhiya evhidhiyo akashandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvhiya dzakadai se thyroidectomy, retinal surgery, uye lymphatic surgery nekubatanidza ne fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, uye intelligent image processing technologies.

Zvichienzaniswa nema microscope ekuvhiya ebhinocular, maikorosikopu evhidhiyo anogona kupa mavhidhiyo ekushandisa akawanda, mifananidzo yekuvhiya ine tsananguro yepamusoro, uye anoshanda zvakanaka, achideredza kuneta kwechiremba. Kuvandudzwa kwemifananidzo yemaziso, digitalization, uye njere kwakavandudza zvikuru mashandiro emaoptical systems ekuvhiya, uye real-time dynamic imaging, augmented reality, nedzimwe tekinoroji zvakawedzera zvikuru mashandiro nemamodules ema microscope ekuvhiya akavakirwa pavhidhiyo.

Kuratidzwa kwemaopikicha emavhidhiyo ekuvhiya emangwana kuchave kwakanyatsojeka, kunoshanda zvakanaka, uye kwakangwara, kuchipa vanachiremba ruzivo rwakakwana, rwakadzama, uye rwemativi matatu evarwere kuti vatungamirire zviri nani maoparesheni ekuvhiya. Panguva iyi, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kuwedzera kweminda yekushandisa, sisitimu iyi ichashandiswawo uye ichagadzirwa muminda yakawanda.