Kufambira Mberi Kwetekinoroji uye Mashandisirwo Ekiriniki eMaikorosikopu Ekuvhiya Akanyanya Kutsanangurwa

 

Maikorosikopu ekuvhiyaDzinoita basa rakakosha zvikuru mukurapa kwemazuva ano, kunyanya mumabasa akanyatsogadzirwa akadai sekuvhiyiwa kwetsinga, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, uye kuvhiyiwa kusingapindi zvakanyanya, uko dzava michina inokosha. Nekukwanisa kukuru kwekuwedzera,Mamaikorosikopu ari kushandainopa maonero akadzama, zvichibvumira vanachiremba kuti vaone zvinhu zvisingaonekwe nemaziso, zvakaita setsinga dzeropa, mitsipa yeropa, uye zvidimbu zvenyama, zvichibatsira vanachiremba kudzivirira kukuvadza nyama ine hutano panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Kunyanya mukuvhiyiwa kwetsinga, kukura kwakanyanya kwemaikorosikopu kunobvumira nzvimbo chaiyo yemamota kana nyama dzine chirwere, zvichiita kuti pave nemiganhu yakajeka yekuvhiyiwa uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwetsinga dzakakosha, nokudaro zvichivandudza kunaka kwekupora kwevarwere mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Maikorosikopu echinyakare ekuvhiya anowanzo kuve nehurongwa hwekuratidzira hwakajairwa, hunokwanisa kupa ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuona kuti hutsigire zvinodiwa zvakaoma zvekuvhiya. Zvisinei, nekukura nekukurumidza kwetekinoroji yekurapa, kunyanya kufambira mberi kuri kuitika mumunda wetekinoroji yekuona, hunhu hwemifananidzo yemamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya hwave chinhu chakakosha mukuvandudza kunyatsojeka kwekuvhiya. Zvichienzaniswa nemamaikorosikopu echinyakare ekuvhiya, maikorosikopu epamusoro-soro anogona kupa rumwe ruzivo. Nekuunza masisitimu ekuratidzira nemifananidzo ane resolution ye4K, 8K, kana kutopfuura, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya epamusoro-soro anogonesa vanachiremba kuona nekushandisa maronda madiki uye maumbirwo emuviri, zvichiwedzera zvikuru kururama nekuchengetedzeka kwekuvhiya. Nekubatanidzwa kuri kuramba kuripo kwetekinoroji yekugadzirisa mifananidzo, njere dzekugadzira, uye chokwadi chechokwadi, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya epamusoro-soro haangogadzirise kunaka kwemifananidzo chete asiwo anopa rutsigiro rwakangwara rwekuvhiya, achitungamira maitiro ekuvhiya kusvika pakunyatsojeka uye njodzi yakaderera.

 

Kushandiswa kwekiriniki kwemaikorosikopu ane tsananguro yepamusoro-soro

Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa tekinoroji yemifananidzo, maikorosikopu ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro ari kuita basa guru zvishoma nezvishoma mukushandiswa kwekiriniki, nekuda kwesimba rawo repamusoro-soro, kunaka kwemifananidzo, uye kugona kwawo kutarisa zvinhu panguva chaiyo.

Ophthalmology

Kuvhiyiwa kwemaziso kunoda kuvhiyiwa kwakanyatsojeka, izvo zvinoisa mitemo yepamusoro yehunyanzvi pamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya mazisoSemuenzaniso, mu femtosecond laser corneal incision, maikorosikopu yekuvhiya inogona kupa kukura kwakanyanya kuti ione kamuri repamberi, kucheka kwepakati kwemboni yeziso, uye kutarisa nzvimbo yekucheka. Mukuvhiya kwemaziso, kupenya kwakakosha. Maikorosikopu haingopi chete mhedzisiro yakanaka yekuona ine chiedza chakaderera asiwo inogadzira kuratidzwa kwechiedza chitsvuku, izvo zvinobatsira mukuvhiya kwese kwecataract. Uyezve, optical coherence tomography (OCT) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiya kwemaziso kuti ionekwe pasi pevhu. Inogona kupa mifananidzo yezvikamu zvakasiyana, ichikunda muganho weikorosikopu pachayo, iyo isingakwanise kuona matishu madiki nekuda kwekutarisa kwepamberi. Semuenzaniso, Kapeller nevamwe vakashandisa 4K-3D display nekombiyuta yepiritsi kuti varatidze otomatiki dhayagiramu yemhedzisiro yeMicroscope-integrated OCT (miOCT) (4D-miOCT). Zvichibva pamhinduro yemushandisi, ongororo yekushanda kwehuwandu, uye zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvehuwandu, vakaratidza kugona kwekushandisa 4K-3D display sechinotsiva 4D-miOCT pamaikorosikopu chena chechiedza. Pamusoro pezvo, muongororo yaLata nevamwe vake, nekuunganidza nyaya dzevarwere gumi nevatanhatu vane glaucoma yekuzvarwa nayo pamwe chete neziso rebull, vakashandisa maikorosikopu ine basa remiOCT kuti vaone maitiro ekuvhiya panguva chaiyo. Nekuongorora data rakakosha senge parameters dzepamberi pekuvhiya, ruzivo rwekuvhiya, matambudziko epashure pekuvhiya, kuona kwekupedzisira, uye ukobvu hwekona, vakazopedzisira varatidza kuti miOCT inogona kubatsira vanachiremba kuona maumbirwo enyama, kugadzirisa maoparesheni, uye kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko panguva yekuvhiya. Zvisinei, kunyangwe OCT ikava chishandiso chine simba chekubatsira mukuvhiya kwevitreoretinal, kunyanya muzviitiko zvakaoma uye kuvhiyiwa kutsva (senge gene therapy), vamwe vanachiremba vanobvunza kana ichigona kunyatso vandudza kushanda kwekiriniki nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakakwira uye kudzidza kwenguva refu.

Otolaryngology

Kuvhiya kweOtorhinolaryngology ndeimwe nzvimbo yekuvhiya inoshandisa maikorosikopu ekuvhiya. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemazimbe akadzika uye maumbirwo akapfava muchiso, kukwidziridza nekujekesa zvakakosha pamhedzisiro yekuvhiya. Kunyangwe dzimwe nguva maendoscope achigona kupa maonero ari nani enzvimbo dzakamanikana dzekuvhiya,maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ane tsananguro yepamusoro-soroinopa kunzwisisa kwakadzama, zvichibvumira kukura kwenzvimbo dzakatetepa dzemuviri dzakadai secochlea ne sinuses, zvichibatsira vanachiremba mukurapa zvirwere zvakaita se otitis media uye nasal polyps. Semuenzaniso, Dundar nevamwe vakaenzanisa mhedzisiro ye microscope ne endoscope nzira dzekuvhiya stapes mukurapa otosclerosis, vachiunganidza data kubva kuvarwere 84 vakaonekwa vaine otosclerosis vakavhiyiwa pakati pa2010 na2020. Vachishandisa shanduko mumusiyano wemhepo-mapfupa conduction vasati vavhiyiwa uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa sechiratidzo chekuyera, mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yakaratidza kuti kunyangwe nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzaive nemhedzisiro yakafanana pakuvandudza kunzwa, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya aive nyore kushandisa uye aive nekanguva kapfupi kekudzidza. Saizvozvowo, muchidzidzo chakaitwa naAshfaq nevamwe, timu yekutsvagisa yakaita microscope-assisted parotidectomy pavarwere 70 vane parotid gland bundu pakati pa2020 na2023, vachitarisa pakuongorora basa remaikorosikopu mukuziva nekudzivirira tsinga dzechiso. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti mamaikorosikopu aive nemabhenefiti makuru mukuvandudza kujeka kwenzvimbo yekuvhiya, kuziva nemazvo hunde huru nematavi etsinga yechiso, kuderedza kubatwa kwetsinga, uye kupera kweropa, zvichiita kuti zvive chishandiso chakakosha chekusimudzira mwero wekuchengetedza tsinga dzechiso. Uyezve, sezvo kuvhiya kuchiwedzera kuoma uye kwakarurama, kubatanidzwa kweAR uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekufungidzira nemamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya kunobvumira vanachiremba kuvhiya vachitungamirirwa nemifananidzo.

Kuvhiya kwetsinga

Kushandiswa kwetsanangudzo yepamusoro-soromaikorosikopu ekuvhiya mukuvhiya kwetsingaYakachinja kubva pakuongorora kwemaziso echinyakare kuenda kudigitalization, augmented reality (AR), uye rubatsiro rwehungwaru. Semuenzaniso, Draxinger nevamwe vake vakashandisa maikorosikopu yakabatana nehurongwa hweMHz-OCT hwakazvigadzira, vachipa mifananidzo ine resolution yepamusoro-soro yemativi matatu kuburikidza ne1.6 MHz scanning frequency, vachibatsira vanachiremba vanovhiya mukusiyanisa bundu nematishu ane hutano munguva chaiyo uye vachivandudza kunyatsoita kuvhiya. Hafez nevamwe vake vakaenzanisa mashandiro emamaikorosikopu echinyakare ne ultra-high-definition microsurgical imaging system (Exoscope) mukuvhiya kwe cerebrovascular bypass experimental, vachiona kuti kunyangwe maikorosikopu yaive nenguva pfupi yekusukwa (P<0.001), Exoscope yakaita zvirinani maererano nekugoverwa kwemasutu (P=0.001). Pamusoro pezvo, Exoscope yakapa chimiro chekuvhiya chakasununguka uye kuona kwakagovaniswa, zvichipa mabhenefiti ekudzidzisa. Saizvozvowo, Calloni nevamwe vake vakaenzanisa kushandiswa kweExoscope nemaikorosikopu ekuvhiya echinyakare mukudzidziswa kwevanogara kuvhiya neurosurgery. Vagari gumi nevatanhatu vakaita mabasa ekudzokorora ekuziva chimiro pamamodheru eganda vachishandisa zvishandiso zvese zviri zviviri. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kunyangwe pasina musiyano wakakura munguva yekushanda pakati pezviviri izvi, Exoscope yakaita zvirinani mukuona zvivakwa zvakadzika uye yakaonekwa seyakanyanya kunzwisisika uye yakasununguka nevakawanda vatori vechikamu, ine mukana wekuva yakakurumbira mune ramangwana. Zviri pachena kuti maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro, ane 4K high-definition displays, anogona kupa vese vatori vechikamu mifananidzo yekuvhiya ye3D yepamusoro-soro, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana kwekuvhiya kuve nyore, kutamisa ruzivo, uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzidzisa.

Kuvhiyiwa kwemusana

Tsanangudzo yepamusoro-soromaikorosikopu ekuvhiyavanoita basa guru munyaya dzekuvhiyiwa kwemusana. Nekupa mifananidzo yemativi matatu ine resolution yepamusoro, vanogonesa vanachiremba kuona chimiro chakaoma chemusana zvakajeka, kusanganisira zvikamu zvidiki zvakaita setsinga, mitsipa yeropa, uye mapfupa, nokudaro vachivandudza kururama uye kuchengetedzeka kwekuvhiyiwa. Panyaya yekugadzirisa scoliosis, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya anogona kuvandudza kujeka kwekuona kwekuvhiya uye kugona kwekugadzirisa zvakanaka, zvichibatsira vanachiremba kuona nemazvo maumbirwo etsinga nematishu ane chirwere mukati memugero mutete wemusana, nokudaro vachipedzisa nzira dzekubvisa kumanikidzwa uye kugadzikana zvakachengeteka.

Sun nevamwe vake vakaenzanisa kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwekuvhiyiwa kwemuromo wechibereko kunobatsirwa nemaikorosikopu uye kuvhiyiwa kwakavhurika kwechivanhu mukurapa ossification ye posterior longitudinal ligament yemusana wemuromo wechibereko. Varwere makumi matanhatu vakakamurwa kuva boka rinobatsirwa nemaikorosikopu (zviitiko makumi matatu) uye boka rekuvhiyiwa kwechivanhu (zviitiko makumi matatu). Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti boka rinobatsirwa nemaikorosikopu raive nekurasikirwa neropa kwakanyanya mukati mekuvhiyiwa, kugara muchipatara, uye marwadzo mushure mekuvhiyiwa zvichienzaniswa neboka rekuvhiyiwa kwechivanhu, uye mwero wematambudziko waive wakaderera muboka rinobatsirwa nemaikorosikopu. Saizvozvowo, mukuvhiyiwa kwe spinal fusion, Singhatanadgige nevamwe vake vakaenzanisa mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwema microscope ekuvhiyiwa emapfupa nemagirazi ekukudza ekuvhiya mukubatanidzwa kwe lumbar transforaminal zvishoma. Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira varwere zana uye hachina kuratidza mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemapoka maviri aya mukuderedza marwadzo mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kuvandudzwa kwebasa, kuwedzera kwemugero wemusana, mwero wekubatana, uye matambudziko, asi maikorosikopu yakapa maonero ari nani. Pamusoro pezvo, maikorosikopu akabatanidzwa netekinoroji yeAR anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvhiyiwa kwemusana. Semuenzaniso, Carl nevamwe vake. Yakagadzira tekinoroji yeAR muvarwere gumi vachishandisa chiratidziro chemaikorosikopu yekuvhiya chakaiswa mumusoro. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti AR ine mukana mukuru wekushandiswa mukuvhiya kwemusana kunoparadza, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara emuviri uye dzidzo yekugara.

 

Pfupiso uye Maonero

Zvichienzaniswa nemamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya echinyakare, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ane hunhu hwepamusoro-soro ane mabhenefiti akawanda, anosanganisira sarudzo dzakawanda dzekukudza, kujekesa kwakasimba uye kwakajeka, masisitimu ekuona chaiwo, daro refu rekushanda, uye nzvimbo dzakasimba dzekushanda dzakasimba. Uyezve, sarudzo dzavo dzekuona dzakasimba, kunyanya kubatanidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemifananidzo uye tekinoroji yeAR, dzinotsigira zvinobudirira kuvhiya kunotungamirirwa nemifananidzo.

Pasinei nezvakanakira zvakawanda zvemamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya, achiri kutarisana nematambudziko makuru. Nekuda kwehukuru hwawo, maikorosikopu ekuvhiya ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro anokonzera mamwe matambudziko ekushanda panguva yekufambisa pakati pemakamuri ekuvhiya uye nzvimbo yekuvhiya, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuenderera mberi uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemabasa ekuvhiya. Mumakore achangopfuura, dhizaini yemamaikorosikopu yakagadziriswa zvakanyanya, nemabhara avo ekuona uye mabara egirazi ebhinocular achitsigira kutenderera kwakasiyana-siyana uye kugadzirisa kutenderera, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kuchinjika kwekushanda kwemidziyo uye zvichiita kuti kucherechedzwa nekuvhiya kwachiremba wezvekurapa kuve munzvimbo yechisikigo uye yakasununguka. Uyezve, kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa kwetekinoroji yekuratidzwa inopfekwa inopa vanachiremba vezvekurapa rutsigiro rwakawanda rwekuona panguva yekuvhiya kwemicrosurgical, zvichibatsira kuderedza kuneta kwekushanda uye kuvandudza kunyatsoita kwekuvhiya uye kugona kwachiremba wezvekurapa kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechimiro chinotsigira, kutarisisa zvakare kunodiwa, zvichiita kuti kugadzikana kwetekinoroji yekuratidzwa inopfekwa kuve yakaderera pane iyo yemamaikorosikopu ekuvhiya akajairika. Imwe mhinduro ndeyekushanduka kwechimiro chemidziyo kuenda kune miniaturization uye modularization kuti ichinje zviri nyore kune akasiyana mamiriro ekuvhiya. Zvisinei, kudzikiswa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu kunowanzosanganisira maitiro ekugadzira nemazvo uye zvikamu zve optical zvakasanganiswa zvinodhura zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti mutengo chaiwo wekugadzira michina udhure.

Rimwe dambudziko rema microscope ekuvhiya anonyanya kutsanangurwa ndeyekutsva kweganda kunokonzerwa nekuvhenekerwa nesimba guru. Kuti zvive nemhedzisiro yakajeka yekuona, kunyanya kana paine vacherechedzi vakawanda kana makamera, chiedza chinofanira kuburitsa chiedza chakasimba, chinogona kupisa nyama yemurwere. Zvakataurwa kuti ma microscope ekuvhiya maziso anogonawo kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechiedza pamusoro pemaziso nefirimu remisodzi, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwebasa remasero emaziso. Nokudaro, kugadzirisa manejimendi echiedza, kugadzirisa saizi yenzvimbo uye kusimba kwechiedza zvichienderana nekukwidziridzwa uye daro rekushanda, kwakakosha zvikuru kuma microscope ekuvhiya. Mune ramangwana, optical imaging inogona kuunza panoramic imaging uye three-dimensional reconstruction technologies kuti iwedzere nzvimbo yekuona uye kudzoreredza nemazvo marongerwo ethree-dimensional enzvimbo yekuvhiya. Izvi zvichaita kuti vanachiremba vanzwisise zviri nani mamiriro ese enzvimbo yekuvhiya uye kudzivirira kushaikwa kweruzivo rwakakosha. Zvisinei, panoramic imaging uye three-dimensional reconstruction zvinosanganisira kutora, kunyoresa, uye kuvakazve mifananidzo ine resolution yepamusoro panguva chaiyo, zvichigadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwedata. Izvi zvinoda kushanda nesimba kwemaalgorithms ekugadzirisa mifananidzo, simba remakombiyuta, uye masisitimu ekuchengetera zvinhu, kunyanya panguva yekuvhiyiwa uko kushanda panguva chaiyo kwakakosha, zvichiita kuti dambudziko iri riwedzere kuoneka.

Nekukura kuri kuita matekinoroji akadai sekurapa mifananidzo, huchenjeri hwekugadzira, uye macomputer optics, mamicroscope ekuvhiya ane ultra-high-definition akaratidza kugona kukuru mukuvandudza kunyatsoita kuvhiya, kuchengetedzeka, uye ruzivo rwekushanda. Mune ramangwana, mamicroscope ekuvhiya ane ultra-high-definition anogona kuramba achikura munzira ina dzinotevera: (1) Panyaya yekugadzira michina, miniaturization uye modularization zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa nemitengo yakaderera, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kukuru kwekiriniki kukwanisike; (2) Gadzira nzira dzepamusoro dzekutarisira chiedza kuti dzigadzirise nyaya yekukuvara kwechiedza kunokonzerwa nekuvhiya kwenguva refu; (3) Gadzira maalgorithms akangwara ekubatsira akajeka uye akareruka kuti asvike pazvinodiwa zvekushanda kwecomputer yemidziyo; (4) Batanidza zvakadzama AR uye marobhoti ekuvhiya kuti upe rutsigiro rwepuratifomu yekushandira pamwe kure, kushanda kwakarurama, uye maitiro e otomatiki. Mukupfupisa, mamicroscope ekuvhiya ane ultra-high-definition achashanduka kuita sisitimu yakazara yerubatsiro rwekuvhiya inobatanidza kuvandudzwa kwemufananidzo, kuziva kwakangwara, uye mhinduro dzinopindirana, zvichibatsira kuvaka ecosystem yedhijitari yekuvhiya mune ramangwana.

Chinyorwa chino chinopa ruzivo rwekufambira mberi mune matekinoroji akajairika ema microscope ekuvhiya ane tsananguro yepamusoro-soro, tichitarisa pakushandiswa kwawo uye kukura kwawo mukuvhiya. Nekuvandudzwa kwe resolution, maikroskopu ane tsananguro yepamusoro-soro ari kutamba basa guru muminda yakaita se neurosurgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, uye spinal surgery. Kunyanya, kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji yekufamba netsoka mukati mekuvhiya muzvishoma zvinopinda muropa kwakasimudzira kururama nekuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro aya. Tichitarisa mberi, sezvo njere dzekugadzira uye matekinoroji erobhoti zvichifambira mberi, maikroskopu ane tsananguro yepamusoro-soro achapa rutsigiro rwekuvhiya rwakanaka uye rwakangwara, zvichikurudzira kufambira mberi kwekuvhiya kushoma kunopinda muropa uye kushanda pamwe chete kure, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka nekugona kwekuvhiya.